Muddy
Visibility under a foot. A fish finds the bait with its lateral line, not its eyes. Choose something that displaces water, and something with a dark, solid silhouette. Black and blue outperforms anything subtle.
Stained
One to three feet. Chartreuse, white, and firetiger stay visible. Vibration still helps.
Clear
More than four feet. Now the fish gets a long look. Natural colors, translucent bodies, smaller profiles, longer leaders, and a retrieve that never stops moving.